Nanopartz™ Ntracker™ and Ntherapy™ for in vivo Imaging

 

 

 

Functionalized gold nanoparticle with Nanopartz™ Ntherapy covalently bonded polymer. Thickness of polymer is less than the size variablity of the gold nanoparticle.   Conjugations (Ordering Abbreviation)   A33scFv Chitosan anti-EGFR DNA oligos Glutathione Folate CD33 CD24 CD45 EPCAM T-Cells anti-CD4 Polyethylenimine (PEI) Polystyrene   A33scFv single-chain antibody selective for colorectal carcinoma cells and used as probes Kirui, D. K., Krishnan, S., Strickland, A. D. and Batt, C. A. , PAA-Derived Gold Nanorods for Cellular Targeting and Photothermal Therapy. Macromolecular Bioscience, n/a. doi: 10.1002/mabi.201100050 Chitosan Multiple thiol/oleyl groups on the polymer backbone introduced multiple anchoring points to the nanoparticle surface and improved the colloidal stability.The primary amine groups on the polymer backbone gave rise to further functionalization possibilities. Erathodiyil Nandanan, Nikhil R. Jana, Jackie Y. Ying  Advanced Materials 2008, 20, 2068–2073 anti-EGFR NRs are functionalized with anti-EGFR antibodies for specific binding to EGFR-positive human oral cancer cells. After exposure to a beam of focused NIR light, the cancer cells were destroyed without affecting the normal cells  Plasmonic photo-thermal therapy (PPTT) Xiaohua Huanga, Mostafa A. El-Sayed Alexandria Journal of Medicine Volume 47, Issue 1, March 2011, Pages 1–9 DNA  NIR irradiation of nanorod–EGFP DNA conjugates had been performed in HeLa cells, the expression of EGFP in cells was detected at the irradiated spot after NIR exposure at 79 μJ/pulse for 1 min H. Takahashi, Y. Niidome, S. Yamada, Controlled release of plasmid DNA from gold nanorods induced by pulsed near-infrared light, Chem. Commun. (Camb.) 17 (2005) 2247–2249 oligos selectively release multiple DNA oligonucleotides.with two different DNA oligonucleotides to short and long gold nanorods aspect ratio of t 4.0 and 5.4, corresponding to longitudinal plasmon resonances with light at 800 and 1100 nm respectively irradiated with a laser at the wavelength of 800 nm, only the short gold nanorods were melted but not the long ones. Alternatively, when a laser at the wavelength of 1100 nm was used to irradiate the mixture, the long rods transformed to spherical shapes but not the short ones. A. Wijaya, S.B. Schaffer, I.G. Pallares, K. Hamad-Schifferli, Selective release of multiple DNA oligonucleotides from gold nanorods, ACS Nano 3 (1) (2008) 80–86. Glutathione Folate Conjugates of folic acid with gold nanoparticle could have an important role for folate receptor-targeted drug delivery or targeted therapy in the future R. Bhattacharya, C.R. Patra, A. Earl, S. Wang, A. Katarya, L. Lu, J.N. Kizhakkedathu, M.J. Yaszemski, P.R. Greipp, D. Mukhopadhyay, P. Mukherjee, Attaching folic acid on gold nanoparticles using noncovalent interaction via different polyethylene glycol backbones and targeting of cancer cells, Nanomedicine 3 (3) (2007) 224–238. CD33 CD24 CD45 EPCAM T-Cells Improves cellular uptake invivo [PDF] T cells enhance gold nanoparticle delivery to tumors in vivo LC Kennedy, AS Bear, JK Young, NA Lewinski… - Nanoscale Research …, 2011 anti-CD4 Polyethylenimine (PEI) Polystyrene

 

 

Composition

These polymer coated gold nanorods are shipped in PBS with no measurable residual chemicals. This product is radiation sterilized and is ready for injection.

Custom Formulation

Popular CW laser wavelengths are available (780, 808, 850, 980, and 1064nm).  Other sizes are special order.  Please contact us.

Quantity

This product is available in 1mL and larger but in two different concentrations. The lower concentration is suited for mice, while the higher concentration is suitable for companion animals. For mice, the 1mL injection is suited for 5 injections. For orders larger than 100mL, or for orders amounting over 500mL per annum, please contact sales for quantity pricing.

Delivery

Standard sizes are in stock. Special order sizes are shipped in two weeks or less. All domestic shipments are sent Fed Ex Standard Overnight delivery, international Fed Ex Priority 2 day. No shipments on Fridays.

Conjugation

This product comes coated with a proprietary polymer to increase circulation times. Ntracker™ contains a non-reactive methyl termination. Ntherapy™ contains many choices for reactive terminations. Many popular in vivo conjugations are available.

Introductory Kits

Unfortunately there are no kits available for this product at this time.

Shelf Life/Storage Temperature

This product is guaranteed for one year and may be stored at room temperature.

Toxicity

These products are non cytotoxic.

Sterilization

This product is sterilized.

Certifications

This product is manufactured using our audited ISO 9000/2001 quality control system. Every order comes with a Certification of Analysis that includes the following information. We use NIST traceable:

UV-VIS (Agilent 8453) for extinction and concentration measurements

NIR (Cary 500) for NIR extinction and concentration measurements

DLS (Malvern Nano ZS) for zeta potential measurement

ICP-MS (Varian 820-MS) for gold mass measurements

TEM (Phillips CM-100 100KV) for sizing

Ntracker™ is based on extensive research in laboratory, preclinical, toxicology, and more recently clinical trials. The technology is based on patented, patent pending, and proprietary methods. Nanopartz™ has the capacity for up to 1kg of Ntracker™product per day in its audited ISO 9000 facility. Ntherapy™ offers the same technology as Ntracker™ with the added advantage of popular in vivo conjugations and customer specified oligo and antibody choices.

This product has been extensively tested in mice and companion animals.

Photoacoustic Images are provided by our partner Visualsonics Inc.

VisualSonics is the world leader in real-time, in vivo, high-resolution, micro-imaging systems, providing modalities specifically designed for preclinical research. VisualSonics has commercialized Vevo LAZR Technology, a state-of-the-art photoacoustic imaging system with inherent coregistration and capabilities for imaging gold nanorods in vivo. "Listen to the Light" - Photoacoustic imaging with the new Vevo LAZR System.

http://www.visualsonics.com/photoacoustics

Shallow-tissue modalities

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7585229]

OCT captures three-dimensional images from optical scattering media (e.g., biological tissue), and it sometimes can provide sub-micrometer resolution. However, the imaging depth in OCT is limited by optical scattering rather than absorption because scattering tends to attenuate and randomize the light. Depending on the wavelength of light, this technique can achieve imaging depths of up to 2 mm in most tissues. This technique has been used clinically for some applications such as eye examination and has been tested in vivo and ex vivo for cancer diagnosis. In order to generate sufficient contrast, the imaging agents for this modality need to have large scattering cross sections.

Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20049803]

PAT is a hybrid imaging modality that provides strong optical absorption contrast and high ultrasonic resolution. Because the spatial resolution beyond one optical transport mean free path (~1 mm) is determined by ultrasonic parameters, the maximum imaging depth and resolution of PAT are scalable when diffusive photons are available. One can greatly increase the penetration depth of PAT with near-infrared light because the optical absorption of hemoglobin and scattering of tissues are weak in this regime. Therefore, a proper combination of PAT with the right contrast agent can accurately detect and diagnose tumors. As in the case of OCT, the imaging depth depends on the wavelength of light, but the imaging depth (~30 mm) is higher than OCT. This modality is currently being evaluated in vivo. Additionally, contrast agents for PAT need to have large absorption cross sections.

Two-photon microscopy [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2321027]

Two-photon microscopy is a fluorescence-based technique that offers images of living tissue up to ~1 mm in depth. It usually uses red-shifted light to minimize scattering in the tissue, and the background signal is strongly suppressed owing to multiphoton absorption. It is being tested in vivo. Recently, Nguyen and colleagues reported that surgery with molecular fluorescence imaging can be efficient for complete removal of tumors [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20160097]. The results might suggest a breakthrough in the application of two-photon microscopy for molecular imaging to overcome the disadvantage of imaging depth.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) imaging [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9027306]

SERS utilizes the enhancement of Raman scattering by molecules adsorbed on surfaces of metal NPs. The increment can be as much as 10^14–10^15, hence Raman-active dyes placed on the surface of gold and silver colloids will exhibit greatly amplified Raman signals. The ability of gold colloids to easily conjugate with targeting ligands enables the detection of tumors in vivo using this technique [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18157119, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19666578]. 

 

Nanopartz™ Ntracker™ Other Technologies Circulation Time Long Low Toxicity None Broad Photothermal efficiency Highest recorded Low Imaging potential Yes Very Limited Drug Delivery potential Yes Very Limited Tumor Loading High Low

• Covalent bonds insure specificity, stability, long shelf life
• Buffer Stability - stable from pH 4-9
• No sodium azide
• No BSA
• Polymer coating insures no aggregation in high salts, reduced nonspecific binding
• Stable
• Well Characterized
• Customer can select buffer
• Customer can select gold nanoparticle type, size and/or SPR
• Loading of all ligands is optimized

• Customer can focus on research and not on Nanopartz™ expertise
• Quick turnaround

 

"We have looked at many different gold nanoparticles samples from Nanopartz including spheres, rods, and microrods using single particle spectroscopy techniques and are extremely happy with the quality of the samples and the service provided by Nanopartz."

Stephan Link, PhD
Assistant Professor of Chemistry
Rice University