Fluorophore Labeled Gold Nanoparticles

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Composition

These nanoparticles are shipped in 18MEG DI water (default solution) with no measurable residual reactants.

Custom Formulation

Please contact us.

Quantity

This product is available in 1mL volumes and larger.

Introductory Kits

Please contact us.

Shelf Life

Three months. Please go here for more information on our shelf life definition: Gold Nanoparticle Expiration Dates

Delivery

Standard sizes are in stock. Special order sizes are shipped in two weeks or less. All domestic shipments are sent Fed Ex Standard Overnight delivery, international Fed Ex Priority 2 day. No shipments on Fridays except for dried particles. Saturday shipping available for extra charge.

Functionalization

This product comes with a number of different covalent options.

Shelf Life/Storage Temperature

This product is guaranteed for six months and should be stored at 4 °C after opening. Care must be taken to only use sterile glassware when working with this product.

Toxicity

This product is known to be noncytotoxic. This product has been sterilized and is biological free.

Sterilization

This product is sterilized.

For post sterilization testing, please choose Sterilization Certification.

For endotoxin purification, choose Endotoxin Purified.

Certifications

Every order comes with a Certification of Analysis that includes the following information. We use calibration traceable:

UV-VIS (Agilent 8453) for extinction and concentration measurements

NIR (Cary 500) for NIR extinction and concentration measurements

DLS (Malvern Nano ZS) for zeta potential measurement

ICP-MS (Varian 820-MS) for gold mass measurements

TEM (Phillips CM-100 100KV) for sizing

TN602 Storage and Handling

TN801 UV VIS to Determine Size and Concentration

SDS Part # C

Sole Source Advantages

Gold Nanorods Characteristics

Product CF - Fluorophore Labeled Gold Nanoparticles

Gold Nanoparticles Fluorophore List

How much thickness does your proprietary capping agent add?

Anywhere from 1-5nm.

How do I determine the concentration of the product?

Simply divide the number of nanoparticles (nps) found on the included COA by the amount of solution you add.

Why do you sell your rods as OD-mLs and what does this mean?

This is because unlike spherical gold nanoparticles, the conversion from OD to mg is not linear with nanorod diameter. Consequently, for the same OD, the weight of the nanorods increases with diameter. 50 OD-mLs means that if you resuspend the material in 1mL of solvent, you will have an absorption of OD50 through a 1mL optical path.

Can I resuspend in water?

Yes

Can I suspend in silicon oil?

No

What is the shelf life if I never open the package and keep refrigerated?

Many years.

Should I store in the refrigerator?

Yes.

How do you size your gold nanoparticles? Does the size include the capping agent?

We use three methods to specify our gold nanoparticles; TEM, UV VIS, and DLS. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages, and we use a weighted system to take advantage of each methods strengths. In the end, we place the strongest weight to the TEM method, particularly since we use samples sizes greater than 50 particles for each lot.

Do you really provide a TEM for my specific lot?

Yes, and not just for 5-10 particles, rather 50-100 are standard.

Why are your small gold nanoparticles colored? I have seen 2nm particles on other website that look as clear as water.

All gold nanoparticles absorb and/or scatter. If you can't see them, then they probably aren't there.

What is OD?

Optical Density (OD) is measured by UV-VIS. An Optical Density OD=1 corresponds to a transmission of 10% through a 1cm cuvette. Optical Density is a nice unit to use since Optical Densities correlate linearly to concentration. So an Optical Density of 1.2 is equal to 1.2 times the concentration of a gold nanoparticle solution that has an Optical Density of 1. We use OD and concentration interchangingly as it is easier to refer to a solution of OD=1 rather than 2.35e12 nanoparticles. For all spheres up to 200nm, OD=1 does refer to 0.05mg/mL.

What is PDI?

PDI refers to polydispersity index and is equal to the standard deviation of the particle sizes divided by the average size.

How does your polymer bridge compare to PEG?

It is superior in its resistance to salt, pH, and other chemicals.

"We have looked at many different gold nanoparticles samples from Nanopartz including spheres, rods, and microrods using single particle spectroscopy techniques and are extremely happy with the quality of the samples and the service provided by Nanopartz."

Stephan Link, PhD
Assistant Professor of Chemistry
Rice University

To investigate the use of fluorophore-labeled gold nanoparticles, it is essential to consider the binding properties of DNA functionalized gold nanoparticle probes and molecular fluorophore probes (Lytton-Jean & Mirkin, 2005). Oligonucleotide functionalized gold nanoparticles have become the basis for various diagnostic applications, competing with molecular fluorophores in certain settings (Lytton-Jean & Mirkin, 2005). Additionally, super-resolution fluorescence imaging techniques have been applied to study fluorescently labeled ligands bound to the surface of gold nanoparticles in solution (Blythe & Willets, 2015). This is crucial as it provides insights into the behavior of fluorophore-labeled ligands in the presence of gold nanoparticles.

Moreover, the real-time identification and tracking of gold nanoparticles in free-flowing vasculature had not been possible without extrinsic labels such as fluorophores (Burkitt et al., 2020). This highlights the potential for using fluorophore-labeled gold nanoparticles in biomedical applications, particularly for tracking nanoparticles in biological systems. Furthermore, the incorporation of fluorophores into gold nanoshells has been reported to considerably enhance resistance to photobleaching (Pellegrotti et al., 2014). This is significant for ensuring the stability and longevity of the fluorescence signal in applications involving gold nanoparticles and fluorophores.

In addition, the use of fluorophore-labeled aptamer probe functionalized gold nanoparticles has been demonstrated for noninvasive and highly selective monitoring of intracellular glucose (Tang et al., 2017). This showcases the potential for utilizing fluorophore-labeled gold nanoparticles in biosensing and bioimaging applications. Furthermore, the controlled reduction of photobleaching in DNA origami–gold nanoparticle hybrids has been reported, indicating the potential for enhancing the photostability of fluorophores in the presence of gold nanoparticles (Pellegrotti et al., 2014).

It is also important to consider the interaction between fluorophores and gold nanoparticles. For instance, the direct attachment of fluorophores to gold nanoparticles may result in the quenching of the fluorescent signal due to resonant energy transfer (Miles et al., 2017). This suggests that the proximity and attachment of fluorophores to gold nanoparticles can significantly impact the fluorescence signal, which is crucial to consider in the design of nanoparticle-fluorophore conjugates.

Moreover, the enhanced fluorescence signals in patterned nanoporous gold nanoparticles make them a viable material for further reducing detection limits for biomolecular targets used in clinical assays (Santos et al., 2015). This highlights the potential for utilizing nanoporous gold nanoparticles in conjunction with fluorophores for sensitive detection applications.

In summary, the literature provides valuable insights into the use of fluorophore-labeled gold nanoparticles, including their binding properties, tracking capabilities, photostability, and potential applications in biosensing and bioimaging. Understanding the interaction between fluorophores and gold nanoparticles is crucial for optimizing their performance in various biomedical and diagnostic applications.

 

Blythe, K. and Willets, K. (2015). Super-resolution imaging of fluorophore-labeled dna bound to gold nanoparticles: a single-molecule, single-particle approach. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 120(2), 803-815. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b08534

Burkitt, S., Mehraein, M., Stanciauskas, R., Campbell, J., Fraser, S., & Zavaleta, C. (2020). Label-free visualization and tracking of gold nanoparticles in vasculature using multiphoton luminescence. Nanomaterials, 10(11), 2239. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10112239

Lytton-Jean, A. and Mirkin, C. (2005). A thermodynamic investigation into the binding properties of dna functionalized gold nanoparticle probes and molecular fluorophore probes. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 127(37), 12754-12755. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja052255o

Miles, B., Greenwood, A., Benito-Alifonso, D., Tanner, H., Galan, M., Verkade, P., … & Gersen, H. (2017). Direct evidence of lack of colocalisation of fluorescently labelled gold labels used in correlative light electron microscopy. Scientific Reports, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep44666

Pellegrotti, J., Acuna, G., Puchkova, A., Holzmeister, P., Gietl, A., Lalkens, B., … & Tinnefeld, P. (2014). Controlled reduction of photobleaching in dna origami–gold nanoparticle hybrids. Nano Letters, 14(5), 2831-2836. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl500841n

Santos, G., Zhao, F., Zeng, J., Li, M., & Shih, W. (2015). Label‐free, zeptomole cancer biomarker detection by surface‐enhanced fluorescence on nanoporous gold disk plasmonic nanoparticles. Journal of Biophotonics, 8(10), 855-863. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.201400134

Tang, J., Ma, D., Pecic, S., Huang, C., Zheng, J., Li, J., … & Yang, R. (2017). Noninvasive and highly selective monitoring of intracellular glucose via a two-step recognition-based nanokit. Analytical Chemistry, 89(16), 8319-8327. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01532

• Covalent bonds insure specificity, stability, long shelf life
• Buffer Stability - stable from pH 4-9
• No sodium azide
• No BSA
• Polymer coating insures no aggregation in high salts, reduced nonspecific binding
• Stable
• Well Characterized
• Customer can select buffer
• Customer can select gold nanoparticle type, size and/or SPR
• Loading of all ligands is optimized